Chapter 08

Derivation

NixはパッケージをビルドするためにDerivationと呼ばれるものを使用します。

Derivationとは、簡単に言うとパッケージのビルド手順を説明する超厳密なレシピです。ビルドシステムに与える入力や出力先のストアパスなどが情報として含まれています。この章では、Derivationの低レベル表現であるstore derivationについて見ていきます。

store derivation

store derivationとはNixストアに格納された.drvファイルのことです[1]。store derivationも通常のパッケージと同様に、ストアオブジェクトとして一意なストアパスが与えられています。

helloパッケージのstore derivationを見てみましょう。helloコマンドは標準出力にHello, world!と出力するだけのシンプルなプログラムで、C言語で書かれています。
以下は筆者の環境におけるhelloパッケージのstore derivationをJSON形式にpretty printしたものです[2]。

/nix/store/c92qcxlqc33fkwwbj4hdpi18wh9wmim3-hello-2.12.1.drv
 {
   "/nix/store/c92qcxlqc33fkwwbj4hdpi18wh9wmim3-hello-2.12.1.drv": {
     "args": [
       "-e",
       "/nix/store/v6x3cs394jgqfbi0a42pam708flxaphh-default-builder.sh"
     ],
+    "builder": "/nix/store/4vzal97iq3dmrgycj8r0gflrh51p8w1s-bash-5.2p26/bin/bash",
     "env": {
       "__structuredAttrs": "",
       "buildInputs": "",
       "builder": "/nix/store/4vzal97iq3dmrgycj8r0gflrh51p8w1s-bash-5.2p26/bin/bash",
       "cmakeFlags": "",
       "configureFlags": "",
       "depsBuildBuild": "",
       "depsBuildBuildPropagated": "",
       "depsBuildTarget": "",
       "depsBuildTargetPropagated": "",
       "depsHostHost": "",
       "depsHostHostPropagated": "",
       "depsTargetTarget": "",
       "depsTargetTargetPropagated": "",
       "doCheck": "1",
       "doInstallCheck": "",
       "mesonFlags": "",
       "name": "hello-2.12.1",
       "nativeBuildInputs": "",
       "out": "/nix/store/7bl684y3qpxrv01ird085rpf5kl6rk6f-hello-2.12.1",
       "outputs": "out",
       "patches": "",
       "pname": "hello",
       "propagatedBuildInputs": "",
       "propagatedNativeBuildInputs": "",
       "src": "/nix/store/pa10z4ngm0g83kx9mssrqzz30s84vq7k-hello-2.12.1.tar.gz",
       "stdenv": "/nix/store/v099hqvw5z87423p4hz1vfhzaqa07dii-stdenv-linux",
       "strictDeps": "",
       "system": "x86_64-linux",
       "version": "2.12.1"
     },
+    "inputDrvs": {
+      "/nix/store/8brdx72cmmmjrap80d8x4k58f69h4247-stdenv-linux.drv": {
+        "dynamicOutputs": {},
+        "outputs": ["out"]
+      },
+      "/nix/store/y1j406svnfr5i2i78z4ybg8rg30ngmkj-bash-5.2p26.drv": {
+        "dynamicOutputs": {},
+        "outputs": ["out"]
+      },
+      "/nix/store/zm481qv2gsm86pb6c7k1sjhvhj3790kv-hello-2.12.1.tar.gz.drv": {
+        "dynamicOutputs": {},
+        "outputs": ["out"]
+      }
+    },
     "inputSrcs": [
       "/nix/store/v6x3cs394jgqfbi0a42pam708flxaphh-default-builder.sh"
     ],
     "name": "hello-2.12.1",
+    "outputs": {
+      "out": {
+        "path": "/nix/store/7bl684y3qpxrv01ird085rpf5kl6rk6f-hello-2.12.1"
+      }
     },
     "system": "x86_64-linux"
   }
 }

強調した箇所に注目してください。ストアパスが記述されています。

inputDrvs

inputDrvsはビルド入力のDerivationです。ここで指定されたDerivationからビルドされた成果物だけがサンドボックス環境で利用可能になります。

/nix/store/8brdx72cmmmjrap80d8x4k58f69h4247-stdenv-linux.drvはstdenvという特別なパッケージのDerivationです。stdenvはStandard Environment（直訳: 標準環境）の略であり、gccやcoreutilsなど一般的な環境なら必ずインストールされているような基本的なパッケージが複数同包されています。

/nix/store/y1j406svnfr5i2i78z4ybg8rg30ngmkj-bash-5.2p26.drvはbashのDerivationです。サンドボックス環境でビルドを実行する際のシェルとして利用されます。

/nix/store/zm481qv2gsm86pb6c7k1sjhvhj3790kv-hello-2.12.1.tar.gz.drvはhelloのソースコードのDerivationです。実は、ストアオブジェクトはいわゆる「パッケージ」だけではありません。ソースコードや設定ファイルなど、ビルドシステムに導入される全てのファイルはストアオブジェクトとしてNixストアに格納されます。そして、それらも通常のパッケージと同様にDerivationから生成されます。NixのビルドシステムはDerivationを基本単位としているのです。

outputs

outputsはビルド成果物の出力先です。このようにストアパスはDerivationにあらかじめ指定されています。

builder

builderはビルドを実行するシェルの実行可能ファイルのファイルパスです。ここではinputDrvsで指定されているbashのDerivationからビルドされた実行可能ファイルが指定されています。このようにinputDrvsとして指定されたものがビルドで使用されていることが分かります。

bashのDerivation

以下はbashのstore derivationの/nix/store/y1j406svnfr5i2i78z4ybg8rg30ngmkj-bash-5.2p26.drvをJSONにpretty printしたもの。強調した箇所に注目。helloのbuilderである/nix/store/4vzal97iq3dmrgycj8r0gflrh51p8w1s-bash-5.2p26/bin/bashと以下のbashのoutputsのストアパスが一致している。

 {
   "/nix/store/y1j406svnfr5i2i78z4ybg8rg30ngmkj-bash-5.2p26.drv": {
     "args": [
       "-e",
       "/nix/store/v6x3cs394jgqfbi0a42pam708flxaphh-default-builder.sh"
     ],
     "builder": "/nix/store/4w85zw8hd3j2y89fm1j40wgh4kpjgxy7-bootstrap-tools/bin/bash",
     "env": {
       "NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE": "-DSYS_BASHRC=\"/etc/bashrc\"\n-DSYS_BASH_LOGOUT=\"/etc/bash_logout\"\n-DDEFAULT_PATH_VALUE=\"/no-such-path\"\n-DSTANDARD_UTILS_PATH=\"/no-such-path\"\n-DNON_INTERACTIVE_LOGIN_SHELLS\n-DSSH_SOURCE_BASHRC\n",
       "NIX_HARDENING_ENABLE": "bindnow fortify fortify3 pic relro stackprotector strictoverflow",
       "__structuredAttrs": "",
       "buildInputs": "",
       "builder": "/nix/store/4w85zw8hd3j2y89fm1j40wgh4kpjgxy7-bootstrap-tools/bin/bash",
       "cmakeFlags": "",
       "configureFlags": "--without-bash-malloc --disable-readline",
       "debug": "/nix/store/kaf5d1vylp6m33l0rk2k7rqlywzfs0za-bash-5.2p26-debug",
       "depsBuildBuild": "/nix/store/nnvd4131xmnxnbqv6a53v04fzfiafdq3-bootstrap-stage4-gcc-wrapper-13.2.0",
       "depsBuildBuildPropagated": "",
       "depsBuildTarget": "",
       "depsBuildTargetPropagated": "",
       "depsHostHost": "",
       "depsHostHostPropagated": "",
       "depsTargetTarget": "",
       "depsTargetTargetPropagated": "",
       "dev": "/nix/store/iicickw53hmgj8rf96yqgjrgsv4hlkj1-bash-5.2p26-dev",
       "doCheck": "",
       "doInstallCheck": "",
       "doc": "/nix/store/5jp51iwz6cjfyq6zhwg8m0fivsd8hlij-bash-5.2p26-doc",
       "enableParallelBuilding": "1",
       "enableParallelChecking": "1",
       "enableParallelInstalling": "1",
       "hardeningDisable": "format",
       "info": "/nix/store/g9vcfisvnmms8wlv5j7xalkhjrvfljqa-bash-5.2p26-info",
       "makeFlags": "",
       "man": "/nix/store/77j4sqnw0fimixqxay7vry15z1090vvr-bash-5.2p26-man",
       "mesonFlags": "",
       "name": "bash-5.2p26",
       "nativeBuildInputs": "/nix/store/gfs99irk2vapgyaj4yjcw0b67sfj1p9p-bison-3.8.2 /nix/store/12l2v3kmacnpmx14p2345kk41fpv31rw-separate-debug-info.sh",
       "out": "/nix/store/4vzal97iq3dmrgycj8r0gflrh51p8w1s-bash-5.2p26",
       "outputs": "out dev man doc info debug",
       "patchFlags": "-p0",
       "patch_suffix": "p26",
       "patches": "/nix/store/a73wzcks7h2y814qxa1z3kv1hg205mpm-bash52-001 /nix/store/xc3h9isl5566i6a4pvdsgin26rchijrq-bash52-002 /nix/store/sxc8xmi7caxaiywzh15za9crpk3bw98z-bash52-003 /nix/store/2ynclzrdl0hy9miy6k8gcwgzw4mhsmd0-bash52-004 /nix/store/z76vsdh69cvwkwhwg69k7d1znwjmx6hf-bash52-005 /nix/store/1fw5fcsjz9wcbf13a5xs4i2cjfircp3x-bash52-006 /nix/store/rs1qdpy1nb3x07g4vqvb4s774qhq9f0w-bash52-007 /nix/store/jn9f2mr2jdm9yn5hi0pws44nbfrah8d3-bash52-008 /nix/store/j8vipdfzslz4aa7aj0amwd4msxa9hhpl-bash52-009 /nix/store/24ygbbc9k6vjc4vhz2j6a9dkdgmqgc6n-bash52-010 /nix/store/sim601rd1y3hsap9qkn25cwprsa9aipp-bash52-011 /nix/store/x1sqwqn02c5mnpi8hbqlxpbm3rahq5dm-bash52-012 /nix/store/wcpqrbsljh2x04qccs6jv9z8c9y1c3cd-bash52-013 /nix/store/cddj9qpc4l62qjy6vvf7gp50mfqaf506-bash52-014 /nix/store/pjp935kxwai47zyx1wpwadls00m9nmib-bash52-015 /nix/store/0cr4hvmwbfablyhn58ba0lrfb44igq5y-bash52-016 /nix/store/in24890k6ybij0b63jisfmrwmmc6x7pv-bash52-017 /nix/store/nffxsaniz7irz07z79cxwkhz97vgqwrx-bash52-018 /nix/store/d5qpl3kqrmv99fbw1cd09qj9jr7kb2rr-bash52-019 /nix/store/pcdlxsb3mxfjnclg8rn8xy2ywbb5ra36-bash52-020 /nix/store/gnx16vs69p7fggsslnbg6v818497vvxl-bash52-021 /nix/store/a55mbgicwbpl17n7a4wklg214xbcgj3f-bash52-022 /nix/store/kwf1fq1xvc5x883gjqsp439ayqffkx1f-bash52-023 /nix/store/rihy7jn15hxaifb33v5p8w62gmw62k97-bash52-024 /nix/store/m9x6023c6a7wi91fm0624da2lww2wm5p-bash52-025 /nix/store/yzd1kmz6qlk3dxa82lwfbgqqxy2c4m1x-bash52-026 /nix/store/yq0lz1byj4v2rym2ng23a3nj4n6pvqdj-pgrp-pipe-5.patch /nix/store/1dydp86d00qzjbncpi80sdsndf33lc5j-fix-static.patch /nix/store/j7yk5caljxg94g6kn285hz5ysiyv1bmi-parallel.patch",
       "pname": "bash",
       "postFixup": "rm -rf \"$out/share\" \"$out/bin/bashbug\"\n",
       "postInstall": "ln -s bash \"$out/bin/sh\"\nrm -f $out/lib/bash/Makefile.inc\n",
       "propagatedBuildInputs": "",
       "propagatedNativeBuildInputs": "",
       "separateDebugInfo": "1",
       "src": "/nix/store/v28dv6l0qk3j382kp40bksa1v6h7dx9p-bash-5.2.tar.gz",
       "stdenv": "/nix/store/ch7q4vf76b9x309fjlw1z083qvlx5d4w-bootstrap-stage4-stdenv-linux",
       "strictDeps": "1",
       "system": "x86_64-linux",
       "version": "5.2p26"
     },
     "inputDrvs": {
       "/nix/store/1rfn1ylygzdbca5b54qjs6n4vnnsx85f-bash52-006.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/5jrd75v747s76s16zxk59384xfcjqn58-bash-5.2.tar.gz.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/6k05dfl68y2m382xd5hanfvj7j8c73p1-bash52-003.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/6xwbrn3wdxwyphpj64rphhms41vxvqxb-bash52-009.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/7j0r588ymbv6dq8c98wvzklcsk42wvpb-bash52-014.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/8y6nd0hmkkq8yfalynzh4s6h46sgsan6-bash52-017.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/a68j9bys24cr3m1bixy4bz92q27bmx7k-bash52-005.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/ag9cnvb4pcgcj0rbkzva6qdz54fnr8fg-bash52-012.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/ah8jsm934168mfnmkf54fh0ms38k6nsm-bash52-015.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/dwnaalvf1ch2b37si1hcxx3x3v0ybnck-bash52-024.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/f9hs49y4q8bvg4ffdiycbafd5r1gb13r-bash52-008.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/fib3fbbmchxr3qjrnk28n7i75pppf81z-bison-3.8.2.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/fnrgd1ca2cs2mzy1x95z5c3yi8nsyw2s-bash52-019.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/h3nkdqxk105rmz1i7ckj2swnj77h8fmr-bootstrap-tools.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/hv81fnwf06mhffinfzln6a8rdfl7kg5n-bash52-020.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/j2zlvksmwzs79zvsqmz45jn39zsyr31f-bash52-002.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/kssqadrh4044p2na6fclnyh6pv3r9l5s-bash52-013.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/l81h2pb34h1hrgf8hgayzl28zzmqnfm0-bash52-010.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/lqxznznzm6v8r2z4k8jsdph11l6970nc-bash52-022.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/lrxrk69f3d3rpxf43sfibv3cfwwlc2ra-bash52-026.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/nayxpac1fisgp2xf519mcjch70dwxrah-bash52-018.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/nb8wd3xgfp34vic7xw7rkb186pq7hwfh-bash52-001.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/nsw82ybp208qkgs87s5b2h74978lrgd8-bash52-011.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/pk6bdyws4n421ak7mwvk5nkg0li7cvq2-bash52-004.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/qsr1742cyyh6mdq98n90w0dq5782m2b8-bash52-023.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/rz74q7y5r38in9zdzq9r2brf5yh6lpy5-bash52-007.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/sjlm8agj6m3cpglc5v11d40cj7j6kin2-fix-static.patch.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/v7zbdi2mv0i7h0y06bsb3g8i45bxqxbq-bash52-016.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/vxh1nm9l9q2vsb6akkj5pj5zkrp9gipm-bootstrap-stage4-gcc-wrapper-13.2.0.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/w6gibnw6js9pxsa8n3fiq0hly0pvkm4p-bash52-025.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/yaqyhbrk9dj9315h4srmfzws5w04gx7i-bootstrap-stage4-stdenv-linux.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       },
       "/nix/store/ymnhhrx4aqn1gw5w43bqdr7bkma6b5xa-bash52-021.drv": {
         "dynamicOutputs": {},
         "outputs": ["out"]
       }
     },
     "inputSrcs": [
       "/nix/store/12l2v3kmacnpmx14p2345kk41fpv31rw-separate-debug-info.sh",
       "/nix/store/j7yk5caljxg94g6kn285hz5ysiyv1bmi-parallel.patch",
       "/nix/store/v6x3cs394jgqfbi0a42pam708flxaphh-default-builder.sh",
       "/nix/store/yq0lz1byj4v2rym2ng23a3nj4n6pvqdj-pgrp-pipe-5.patch"
     ],
     "name": "bash-5.2p26",
     "outputs": {
       "debug": {
         "path": "/nix/store/kaf5d1vylp6m33l0rk2k7rqlywzfs0za-bash-5.2p26-debug"
       },
       "dev": {
         "path": "/nix/store/iicickw53hmgj8rf96yqgjrgsv4hlkj1-bash-5.2p26-dev"
       },
       "doc": {
         "path": "/nix/store/5jp51iwz6cjfyq6zhwg8m0fivsd8hlij-bash-5.2p26-doc"
       },
       "info": {
         "path": "/nix/store/g9vcfisvnmms8wlv5j7xalkhjrvfljqa-bash-5.2p26-info"
       },
       "man": {
         "path": "/nix/store/77j4sqnw0fimixqxay7vry15z1090vvr-bash-5.2p26-man"
       },
+      "out": {
+        "path": "/nix/store/4vzal97iq3dmrgycj8r0gflrh51p8w1s-bash-5.2p26"
+      }
     },
     "system": "x86_64-linux"
   }
 }

env

envにはサンドボックス環境に与えられる環境変数が指定されています。サンドボックスの章でも述べたように、ビルド環境では指定された環境変数のみが有効になります。

Closures[3]

Closuresとは、ストアパスから直接/間接的に到達可能なストアパスの集合です。

ここでもhelloを例にとりましょう。
helloのstore derivationのClosuresはビルド時依存と等価です。

helloのstore derivationのClosures

nix-store --query --requisites /nix/store/y1j406svnfr5i2i78z4ybg8rg30ngmkj-bash-5.2p26.drvの実行結果。bashやpkg-configといったビルド時にしか使わないパッケージのDerivationが含まれている。

/nix/store/001gp43bjqzx60cg345n2slzg7131za8-nix-nss-open-files.patch
/nix/store/00qr10y7z2fcvrp9b2m46710nkjvj55z-update-autotools-gnu-config-scripts.sh
/nix/store/3dl59vc3fzy2ld67jqh12xi63z9684vf-cc-wrapper.sh
/nix/store/5yzw0vhkyszf2d179m0qfkgxmp5wjjx4-move-docs.sh
/nix/store/6g5nwrf0jhrqmwf9nmqmaldhy5h03v14-setup.sh
/nix/store/cickvswrvann041nqxb0rxilc46svw1n-prune-libtool-files.sh
/nix/store/ckzrg0f0bdyx8rf703nc61r3hz5yys9q-builder.sh
/nix/store/fyaryjvghbkpfnsyw97hb3lyb37s1pd6-move-lib64.sh
/nix/store/0m4y3j4pnivlhhpr5yqdvlly86p93fwc-busybox.drv
/nix/store/i9nx0dp1khrgikqr95ryy2jkigr4c5yv-unpack-bootstrap-tools.sh
/nix/store/xjkydxc0n24mwxp8kh4wn5jq0fppga9k-bootstrap-tools.tar.xz.drv
/nix/store/h3nkdqxk105rmz1i7ckj2swnj77h8fmr-bootstrap-tools.drv
/nix/store/h9lc1dpi14z7is86ffhl3ld569138595-audit-tmpdir.sh
/nix/store/ilaf1w22bxi6jsi45alhmvvdgy4ly3zs-patch-shebangs.sh
/nix/store/jivxp510zxakaaic7qkrb7v1dd2rdbw9-multiple-outputs.sh
/nix/store/kd4xwxjpjxi71jkm6ka0np72if9rm3y0-move-sbin.sh
/nix/store/m54bmrhj6fqz8nds5zcj97w9s9bckc9v-compress-man-pages.sh
/nix/store/ngg1cv31c8c7bcm2n8ww4g06nq7s4zhm-set-source-date-epoch-to-latest.sh
/nix/store/pag6l61paj1dc9sv15l7bm5c17xn5kyk-move-systemd-user-units.sh
/nix/store/wgrbkkaldkrlrni33ccvm3b6vbxzb656-make-symlinks-relative.sh
/nix/store/wmknncrif06fqxa16hpdldhixk95nds0-strip.sh
/nix/store/xyff06pkhki3qy1ls77w10s0v79c9il0-reproducible-builds.sh
/nix/store/b3h9l5c2nbaxlld41d7ckn0kmlfikzqf-bootstrap-stage0-stdenv-linux.drv
/nix/store/v6x3cs394jgqfbi0a42pam708flxaphh-default-builder.sh
/nix/store/4kz6hwl1a2nr5vb6almsz2msp94gk9p3-bootstrap-stage0-glibc-bootstrapFiles.drv
/nix/store/ckjykyfw30zj1n3lcca9lwm2lzd7azdb-setup-hook.sh
/nix/store/i60i6xvvywyk7h9wrjff7zmlksqw348p-add-hardening.sh
/nix/store/ji2yrl1na00bwav65hh1vr0nc0s1xzvz-add-flags.sh
/nix/store/kgcmpr4i443sdyszl1b7i4k86ddxbrwi-utils.bash
/nix/store/0zmg36dmrb9v7bc7b7igmi434nhi1qp9-setup-hook.sh
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/nix/store/vxh1nm9l9q2vsb6akkj5pj5zkrp9gipm-bootstrap-stage4-gcc-wrapper-13.2.0.drv
/nix/store/yaqyhbrk9dj9315h4srmfzws5w04gx7i-bootstrap-stage4-stdenv-linux.drv
/nix/store/y1j406svnfr5i2i78z4ybg8rg30ngmkj-bash-5.2p26.drv

対して、helloのDerivationの出力パス、即ちstore derivationからビルドされたhelloパッケージのClosuresは実行時の依存関係と等価です。

出力のパスのClosures

nix-store --query --requisites /nix/store/7bl684y3qpxrv01ird085rpf5kl6rk6f-hello-2.12.1/bin/helloの実行結果。glibcといったhello実行時に動的リンクされる共有ライブラリが含まれている。

/nix/store/d8w5qfswmgxcjqwnmqw2v9r8amrvdlpb-xgcc-13.2.0-libgcc
/nix/store/vqvbn2z8wyrjwvayjb2vy5krhh1kis9b-libunistring-1.1
/nix/store/krqp9wj3rgalmqv04y0sqw987mxsnddn-libidn2-2.3.7
/nix/store/ksk3rnb0ljx8gngzk19jlmbjyvac4hw6-glibc-2.38-44
/nix/store/7bl684y3qpxrv01ird085rpf5kl6rk6f-hello-2.12.1

つまり、Closuresはパッケージの「完全な依存関係ツリー」を表します。

Realisation[4]

store derivationからパッケージをビルドするプロセスをRealisation（実体化）と言います。

Realisationの手順は次の通りです。

  1. .drvを読み取る
  2. そのClosures内のストアオブジェクトが存在するか確認
    1. Substituterからストアオブジェクトを探す
    2. 存在しなければ、そのストアオブジェクトのstore derivationをRealise
  3. ビルド実行
  4. ビルド成果物をNixストアに配置

Closuresが全てrealiseされるまで、Realisationは再帰的に続けられます。

Nix式

store derivationはあくまで低レベル表現です。実際にNixでパッケージをビルドする際は、Derivationの高レベル表現であるNix式（Nix expression）からstore derivationを生成します。次章ではNix式を記述するためのプログラミング言語、Nix言語について解説します。

脚注

  1. 11. Glossary - Nix Reference Manual ↩︎

  2. nix derivation show nixpkgs#helloの実行結果 ↩︎

  3. 3.6. Closures - Nix Pills ↩︎

  4. Realisation - Zero to Nix ↩︎